Mohammad Mahdi Hayatbakhsh Abbasi - Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
Elham Jafari - Pathology and Stem Cells Research Center, Pathology Department, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
Mohamad Javad Zahedi - Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
Sodaif Darvish Moghaddam - Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
Reza Malekpoor Afshar - Pathology and Stem Cells Research Center, Pathology Department, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
, Mohadese Sadat Saeedi - Faculty of Medicine, Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
Roya Pooyan Fard - Psychiatric Resident, Psychiatry Department, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran

Background: Endoscopic examination of the gastrointestinal tract through macroscopic and histopathological evaluation provides a tool to differentiate the major causes of functional dyspepsia. The distinction is not always clear. This study aimed to assess the frequency and type of the macroscopic and histopathological changes in gastrointestinal tract endoscopy in patients with symptoms of functional dyspepsia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on ۹۷ patients aged ۱۰–۸۵ years who underwent gastroscopy due to functional dyspepsia symptoms. The patients had no history of weight loss, major comorbidities like diabetes or cirrhosis, non-steroidal anti- inflammatory drug (NSAID) consumption, peptic ulcer, or any other confounding causes. Biopsy specimens were taken from the stomach and duodenum for histopathological examination. The presence of Helicobacter pylori infection was established based on histopathological examination and a positive rapid urease test.Results: Gastric biopsies of ۹۷ patients with functional dyspepsia were studied. In histological examination of gastric mucosal biopsies, chronic inflammation was present in ۹۴ (۹۶.۹%), activity was seen in ۴۷ (۴۸.۵%), glandular atrophy was seen in ۳ (۳.۱%), and intestinal metaplasia was seen in ۹ (۹.۲%) patients. H. pylori was identified on gastric mucosal biopsies in ۴۶ (۴۷.۴%) patients based on sections stained with H&E and Giemsa.Conclusion: According to the obtained results, it is concluded that patients with functional dyspepsia have a higher frequency of gastric mucosal inflammation and H. pylori infection.

Keywords: Endoscopy, Functional dyspepsia, Gastric mucosa, Histopathologic features