Maryam Zamani - Lecturer, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
Atefeh Hasan Zadeh - BSc in Midwifery, Student Research Committee, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
Najme Rajabi - BSC in Nursing, Student Research Committee, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
Rasoul Alimi - PhD in Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, School of Health, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
Elham Azmoude - Lecturer, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran

Despite the high prevalence of early pregnancy loss, little is known about the subsequent psychological consequences. The purpose of this pilot study was to find an appropriate sample size for conducting a large study to compare psychological consequences of early pregnancy loss compared with ongoing pregnancy. The study was carried out at a public hospital and the health centers of Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran in ۲۰۲۰. It included ۹۰ women with miscarriage (N=۳۰), ectopic pregnancy (N=۳۰), and ongoing normal pregnancy (N=۳۰). Cohen Perceived Stress Scale, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale were used. Based on the results, there was no statistical difference between the groups for the perceived stress levels, the status of depression, and post-traumatic disorder in the groups (P>۰.۰۵). Diagnosis of state anxiety was present in ۵۳.۳% of the ectopic pregnancy and ۳۳.۳% of miscarriage groups, but only in ۲۰.۰% of the ongoing pregnancy group (P=۰.۰۲۵). For trait anxiety, these proportions were ۳۳.۳%, ۱۳.۳%, and ۶.۷% in the ectopic pregnancy, miscarriage, and ongoing pregnancy groups respectively (P=۰.۰۱۹). In conclusion, women who experienced miscarriage or ectopic pregnancy reported more anxiety compared to women with ongoing pregnancy. Large-scale studies are needed to substantiate these findings.

ectopic pregnancy, Miscarriage, Anxiety, Depression, Post-traumatic stress disorder, stress