The Effect Of Vancomycin-Loaded Niosomes On MRSA Strains Of Staphylococcus Aureus And Expression of MECA, HLA, and HLB Genes

Background: Niosomes have received a lot of attention today due to their better penetration and controlled release. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of vancomycin-loaded niosomes on the microbial species of staphylococcus aureus. Materials and methods: In this study, ۲۵۰ clinical samples of different patients’ specimens including blood, wounds, skin, and urine were collected from different medical centers (Imam Hossein, Atieh, and Sarem) in ۲۰۲۰. To synthesize nanodrugs, vancomycin was encapsulated in nosocomial nanocarriers by thin-film hydration, and optimization was performed based on the three main characteristics of nanocarriers. The process of drug release from nanocarriers and stability were investigated. Then, the antimicrobial properties against microbial species of staphylococcus aureus were investigated, and finally, the expression of mecA, hla, and hlb genes was determined using the real-time PCR technique. Results: According to the designed tests, a Span۶۰ to Tween۶۰ ratio of ۵۰:۵۰ and lipid content of ۳۰۰ μmol were selected as the optimal form. The optimal nanoliposomes showed a size of ۱۹۰.۷ nm, a particle dispersion index (PDI) of ۰.۱۷۷, and retention efficiency of ۷۱.۲۲%. The process of drug release from the nanocarrier showed about ۵۰% drug release from the niosome during ۲۴ hours and about ۶۰% after ۷۲ hours. Stability studies over ۳ months at two temperatures of ۲۵ °C and ۴ °C on the optimal sample showed that the samples stored in the refrigerator were more stable. The antimicrobial properties of the vancomycin-loaded niosomes against the mentioned microbial species showed better results compared to the free form of the drug. The nanoparticle was also able to further reduce the expression of virulence genes including mecA, hla, and hlb compared to the free form of the drug. Conclusion: The favorable physical properties, efficient antimicrobial effects, and low toxicity make vancomycin-loaded niosome nanocarriers a suitable candidate for the treatment of some common bacterial wound infections.

Keywords:

Niosome , Vancomycin , Bacterial Infection , Thin-film Hydration , Virulence Gene.