F. Firdaus - Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitas Islam Indonesia Kaliurang KM ۱۴.۵ Street Yogyakarta, Indonesia
I. Fadhillah - Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitas Islam Indonesia Kaliurang KM ۱۴.۵ Street Yogyakarta, Indonesia
N. A. Ahmad - Razak Faculty of Technology and Informatics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Kuala Lumpur ۵۴۱۰۰, Malaysia
A. A. Mohd Alic - Malaysian Administrative, Modernisation and Management Planning Unit, Putrajaya ۶۲۵۰۲, Malaysia

The development of location-based services requires an increasingly accurate positioning system technology. Research on outdoor positioning systems has achieved satisfactory accuracy and has been commonly used in various location-based services. The research trend is now shifting toward the Indoor Positioning System (IPS). One technique that is widely used in Wi-Fi-based IPS is fingerprinting. The fingerprinting technique on Wi-Fi uses the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value. The problem that occurs is that the results of RSSI measurements on smartphones of different brands will produce different RSSI values, also known as device diversity. Device diversity will cause a decrease in system accuracy. This study aims to offer a solution to the problem of device diversity in Wi-Fi IPS based on RSSI Fingerprinting, i.e., to get a minor distance error. The proposed solution is to modify the original database radio map into two new databases: the difference database and the ratio database. The Difference Database Radiomap was able to reduce the average value of distance errors by ۲۴.۳% in Meizu and ۲۸% in OPPO. Then, using the Radiomap database ratio, the average value of distance errors could be reduced by ۱۳% in Meizu and ۲۴% in OPPO. From the calculation, Radiomap database ratio can provide solutions to the problem of device diversity for an Indoor Positioning System better than the difference database radiomap if we looked at reduced distance error.

Device Diversity, fingerprint, Indoor Positioning System, Received Signal Strength Indicator, Wireless Local Area Network, Wi-Fi