Rana Peyghami - Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
Mehri Chaharnazm - Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
Mozaffar Ghaffari - Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran

Students are one of the most important and vital assets in any country, yet nowadays they are having an increasingly stronger tendency to addiction. The aim of this study was to develop a model of addiction tendency based on helicopter parenting and personal intelligence with the mediating variable of mental toughness. The research method was descriptive-correlational using structural equation modeling. The population of the study consisted of students at Bonab and Maragheh universities of medical sciences in ۲۰۲۱. ۲۸۵ participants were selected through the convenience sampling method. The instruments included the Luebbe et al.’s (۲۰۱۸) Helicopter Parenting Questionnaire, Mayer et al.’s (۲۰۱۳) Personal Intelligence Questionnaire, Clough, Earle, and Sewell’s (۲۰۰۲) Mental Toughness Questionnaire, and Weed and Butcher’s (۱۹۹۲) Addiction Tendency Questionnaire. The structural equation modeling method and the SPSS and AMOS software were used for data analysis. The results showed that the helicopter parenting style and mental toughness both play a role in explaining the model of students' passive tendency to addiction. Finally, ۵۷% of the variance of passive tendency to addiction and ۷% of the variance of mental toughness were explained by model variables. According to the results, it is suggested that helicopter parenting, mental toughness, and personal intelligence be considered in interventions related to reducing the tendency to addiction.

Tendency, Drug Addiction, Helicopter Parenting, Mental toughness, Personal intelligence