Shadi Ashraf Nohegar - Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural and Natural Resources, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
Arezoo Nejaei - Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural and Natural Resources, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
Ebrahim Fataei - Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran.
Mohammad Ebrahim Ramazani - Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural and Natural Resources, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
Parvin Alizadeh Eslami - Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.

Background: Nanoparticles (NPs) have recently attracted extensive attention in the field of elimination and reduction of microbial load in various water resources. Accordingly, this study aimed to eliminate bacterial contamination from aqueous solutions using synthesized NPs.Methods: In the present study, zinc oxide (ZnO) and silver (Ag) ion-doped zinc oxide (Ag/ZnO, ۱-۶ wt%) nanoparticles were synthesized using the sol-gel process and then characterized in terms of structure, morphology, and antimicrobial activity. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was utilized to determine the nanoparticle size and crystal structure. Images from field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the successful production of NPs. The antimicrobial activity of ZnO and Ag۱-۶%/ZnO against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was assessed by the agar well diffusion method.Results: According to the findings, the synthesized ZnO had a hexagonal structure and the size of ZnO and Ag۵%/ZnO were ۳۲.۵۶ nm and ۱۲.۸۱ nm, respectively; the field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) images showed that the nanoparticle sizes were ۷۷.۶۰ nm and ۴۷.۱۵ nm, respectively. Based on transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images, the mean size of ZnO and Ag۵%/ZnO was ۲۲.۵ nm and ۱۷.۵ nm, respectively. The results showed that the diameter of the zone of inhibition created by Ag۵%/ZnO at a concentration of ۰.۱ g/mL was ۲۰ mm and ۱۳ mm for S. aureus  and E. coli, respectively.Conclusion: The results indicated that E. coli was more resistant than S. aureus, although E. coli was still more resistant at low concentrations.

Toxicity, Silver, Zinc oxide, Staphylococcus Aureus, Escherichia coli