Mojtaba khadempir - Department of Sports Pathology and Corrective Movements, Faculty of Physical Education and SportsSciences, University of Imam reza, Mashhad, Iran,
Roya bigtashkhani - Department of Sports Pathology and Corrective Movements, Faculty of Physical Education and SportsSciences, University of Tehran, Iran
Hosein mohammad alizadeh fard - Department of Chinese and Complementary Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine,Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
Aryan kabiri - Department of Sports Pathology and Corrective Movements, Faculty of Physical Education and SportsSciences, University of Tehran, Iran
Ahad kolahdoozi - Department of Sports Pathology and Corrective Movements, Faculty of Physical Education and SportsSciences, University of Azad, Isfahan, Iran

As part of the adverse effects of Parkinson disease (PD), fewer symptoms including urinary incontinence (UI), urgency, or nocturia are observed in the urine. These symptoms are associated, nonetheless, with significant morbidity and a negative impact on the quality of life (QOL). Despite the lack of randomized controlled trials for the treatment of symptoms in Parkinson's disease, the latest clinical guidelines that address the treatment of symptoms in this disease recommend empiric treatment with anticholinergics in the absence of such trials. The first line of treatment for UI among older adults is lifestyle changes and behavioral interventions, including pelvic floor muscle therapy, as they have been demonstrated to be effective in randomized controlled trials as a first-line treatment. This study assessed the feasibility and effectiveness of exercise-based behavioral therapy for treating upper gastrointestinal symptoms in older adults with Parkinson's disease with UI. The study was conducted before and after treatment and one month later (for follow-up) to determine whether the intervention was viable and effective. P.I.I.Q questionnaire was used in order to determine the amount of urinary incontinence among the patients and to evaluate the quality of their lives. As a result of treatment, there was a notable difference in the amount of urinary incontinence between the two groups, as well as in the level of quality of life (both physically and mentally) in the treatment group (p<۰/۰۵). As compared to biofeedback, aerobic exercises have a higher level of long-term effectiveness with regards to the reduction of urinary incontinence and improvements in physical quality of life, while biofeedback has a higher rate of success with regards to improving patients' activities of daily living.

Parkinson, urinary incontinence, aerobic exercises, biofeedback, quality of life (QOL)