Nazanin Shojaeifar - Graduated with a master's degree in chemical engineering from Mohaghegh Ardabili University,Iran
Vahid Hazratgholipour. - Graduated with a master's degree in chemical engineering from Sahand University of Technology,Tabriz, Iran

Climate change is an existential threat to global environments and human life. To achieve anaverage global temperature increase of fewer than ۱.۵ degrees Celsius, increasing the use ofrenewable energy and minimizing CO۲ emissions from fossil fuel industries have been emphasizedby the United Nations. Pressure reverse osmosis (PRO) has demonstrated its technical feasibilityin absorbing renewable energy from a two-stream salinity gradient through a semipermeablemembrane. To achieve economically viable PRO, process optimization, the use of PRO processescombined with theoretical modeling and experimental testing have been attempted. Among theseefforts, PRO processes have received much attention due to their improved power generation. Inthis article, we aim to provide a comprehensive review of PRO processes and the possibility ofenergy production from the natural process of osmosis and the effect of factors such asconcentration polarization.

osmosis, reverse osmosis, membrane, renewable energy