Golnaz Arabsaeedi - Department of TEFL and English Literature, Payame Noor University, (PNU), Tehran, Iran
Fatemeh Hemmati - Department of TEFL and English Literature, Payame Noor University, (PNU), Tehran, Iran
Fatemeh Takallo - Department of TEFL and English Literature, Payame Noor University, (PNU), Tehran, Iran

Background: Vocabulary learning is of paramount importance in language learning. Thus, effective ways of teaching new words are sought after by language teachers. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of three techniques of vocabulary teaching on learning and retention. Methods: Initially, ۸۰ upper intermediate female learners of Iran Oxford institute in Tehran participated in this one sample time series quasi-experimental study. Based on the Oxford Online English -Vocabulary Level Test, ۳۷ learners were qualified. In Summer ۲۰۲۱, they took part in the first phase and received the routine treatment. The same students took part in the first experimental group and received the non-etymological-based online game, although only ۳۳ students turned up. In the last stage, the number of participants reduced to ۳۰; therefore, the data analyses were done with ۳۰ students. After each stage, a posttest and a delayed posttest (taken from Building English Vocabulary with Etymology from Latin) were administered. One way ANOVA and Scheffe’s Test were run to compare the groups. Results: The results indicated that the etymological game group outperformed (M=۱۳.۱۶, SD=۱.۱۷) the non-etymological (M=۱۲.۰۰, SD=۲.۳۳, P=۰.۰۴) and control groups (M=۱۱.۱۰, SD=۱.۵۳, P<۰.۰۰۱). Moreover, the difference between the non-etymological group and the control group was significant (P=۰.۰۴۸). In the delayed posttest, a significant difference was detected between the etymological game group and the control group (P<۰.۰۰۱). Besides, the etymological game group gained a significantly higher mean score mean score (M=۱۲.۴۰, SD=۱.۸۳) than the non-etymological game group (M=۹.۹۳, SD=۱.۹۹) (P<۰.۰۰۱). However, the non-etymological game group did not significantly outperform the control group (P=۰.۹۱۵). Conclusion: The results of post- and delayed post-tests indicated that the etymological game group had the best result followed by non-etymological game group.

Learning, education, Distance, Research, Game, Kahoot, Vocabulary, Etymological and non-etymological