Pornnarong Siripiyasing - Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University, Thailand
Kitiya Silawong - Department in biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bansomdejchaopraya Rajabhat University, Thailand
Tikumporn Thooptianrat - Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Thailand
Runglawan Sudmoon - Faculty of Law, Khon Kaen University, Thailand

Introduction: Plants containing β-sitosterol and oleamide are important for various diseases. So, Dillenia indica, D. obovata, and D. pentagyna were investigated for phytochemicals, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity levels on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and Hela cells. The protective effect of D. pentagyna extract on a HepG۲ cell line was also investigated. Methods: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used for phytochemical analysis. ۳-(۴,۵-dimethylthiazol-۲-yl)-۲,۵-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) tetrazolium reduction (MTT) and comet assays were performed for toxicity testing and protective effects against DNA oxidative damage. Results: The major components were oleamide and β-sitosterol at ۳۸.۴۶۴-۵۸.۲۴۷% and ۵.۵۸۵-۶.۸۸۷% with concentration and quantity of β-sitosterol at ۰.۲-۰.۳۷ mg/mL and ۰.۴۲-۰.۹۶۴ mg/g leaf. The D. indica, D. obovata, and D. pentagyna toxicities on PBMCs showed IC۵۰ values at >۴۳۰, >۴۳۰, and ۳۵۰ μg/mL respectively, with no significant DNA damage (P > ۰.۰۵) compared to the negative control group. All plant extracts showed toxic activity on Hela cell with IC۵۰ values at <۰.۴۳ μg/mL and induced significant DNA damage (P < ۰.۰۵) compared to the negative control group. Conversely, the activity of the D. pentagyna extract indicated low cytotoxic activity against HepG۲ (IC۵۰>۴۳۰ μg/mL), no significant (P > ۰.۰۵) DNA damage induction, significantly (P < ۰.۰۵) decreased DNA damage level, and tremendous antioxidant effect. Additionally, a combined mixture of all plants in an equal proportion revealed no IC۵۰ value and insignificant DNA damage. Conclusion: All the studied species contained oleamide and β-sitosterol, with toxicity on Hela cells without toxicity on PBMC. The D. pentagyna species showed high antioxidant effects and no toxicity on HepG۲.

β-Sitosterol, Comet assay, Oleamide, Toxicity