Mixed convection in double lid-driven inclined cavity: effect of nanofluid and inclination angles

In this article, mixed convection flow in a two-sided liddriven cavity at different inclination angles filled with cuwater nanofluid is studied numerically using the finite volume method. In this study, bottom and top walls were assumed isolated; Richardson number ranged from 0.001 to 10, nanoparticles solid volume fraction ( ) up to 0.06 were investigated and cavity inclination angle from 0 to 90 was considered and the Grashof number was set to 104. Thermal conductivity and effective viscosity of nanofluid were determined using Maxwell and Brinkman models, respectively. The influence of inclination angle and of the nanofluids, on hydrodynamic and thermal characteristics are discussed. The results indicated that increase in for a constant Ri, enhances heat transfer. Also, heat transfer was increased as Ri was decreased for a particular . Moreover, where natural convection is dominant (i.e. higher Ri), the flow form seems to be influenced more by .

Keywords:

nanofluid , heat transfer , mixed convection , two-sided lid-driven cavity , numerical analysis