Bahram Moghimi - Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
Saba Gharibi - Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, International Campus, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
Ehsan Farashahi Yazd - Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
Mohammad Taher Tahoori - Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
Seyed Mehdi Kalantar - Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small preserved non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally by targeting the ۳' UTR of mRNAs for translational repression or degradation. The rising evidence has established the significant role of miRNAs within the regulation of immune system and the prevention of autoimmunity. MiR-۱۴۶a has obtained an importance as a modulator of differentiation and the function of cells of the adaptive, as well as innate immunity rapidly. In this paper, we summarize the recent understanding of the role of miR-۱۴۶a in adaptive and innate immune responses, as well as in autoimmunity.

Adaptive immunity, Autoimmune disease, Innate immunity, MicroRNA