Yi Zheng - Center for Medical Experiments (CME), University of Chinese Academy Sciences-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
Yang Wang - The Department of Urology of Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
Haitian He - The Department of Urology of Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
Zhuping Zou - The Operating Room of Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
Huiling Lu - The Operating Room of Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
Jinlong Li - TB Healthcare Co., Ltd., Foshan, China.
Jun Cai - TB Healthcare Co., Ltd., Foshan, China.
Kebing Wang - The Department of Urology of Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, China & The Department of Urology of Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.

Background: The incidence of prostate cancer (PC) exhibits geographical heterogeneity. However, the metabolic mechanisms underlying this geographic heterogeneity remain unclear. This study aimed to reveal the metabolic mechanism of the geographic heterogeneity in the incidence of PC. This study aimed to investigate the anti-cancer effects of different gum extracts on metabolic changes and their impact on gene expression in HT-۲۹ cell. Methods: Transcriptomic data from public databases were obtained and analyzed to screen geographic-differentially expressed genes and metabolic pathways. Associations between these differentially expressed genes and the incidence of PC were determined to identify genes that were highly associated with PC incidence. A co-expression network analysis was performed to identify geographic-specific regulatory pathways. Results: A total of ۱۷۵ differentially expressed genes were identified in four countries and were associated with the regulation of DNA replication and the metabolism of pyrimidine, nucleotides, purines, and galactose. Additionally, the expression of the genes CLVS۲, SCGB۱A۱, KCNK۳, HHIPL۲, MMP۲۶, KCNJ۱۵, and PNMT was highly correlated with the incidence of PC. Geographic-specific differentially expressed genes in low-incidence areas were highly correlated with KCNJ۱۵, MMP۲۶, KCNK۳, and SCCB۱A۱, which play a major role in ion channel-related functions. Conclusions: This study suggests that geographic heterogeneity in PC incidence is associated with the expression levels of genes associated with amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, and ion channels.

Differentially expressed genes, Geographical heterogeneity, Metabolic pathway, Prostate cancer.