T.K. Meyer - Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Ivey Business School, Western University, ON, Canada
R.J. Tieman - Alliance to Feed the Earth in Disasters (ALLFED), Fairbanks, AK ۹۹۷۷۵, USA
S.W. Breuer - Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan Technological University, USA
D. Denkenberger - Alliance to Feed the Earth in Disasters (ALLFED), Fairbanks, AK ۹۹۷۷۵, USA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, Canterbury ۸۰۴۱, NZ
J.M. Pearce - Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Ivey Business School, Western University, ON, Canada

Background: Potential resilient foods which help reduce hunger are converting the ~۹۹۸ million tons of agricultural residue generated each year into human edible food. Although it is possible to extract Leaf Protein Concentrate (LPC) from agricultural residues, it is not widely practiced because both toxicity and yields of the protein concentrates have not been widely investigated in the most common agricultural residues. Methods: To fill this knowledge gap, this study uses high-resolution mass spectrometry and an open-source toolchain for non-targeted screening of toxins of nine agricultural plant residues in October ۲۰۲۱; it included seven agricultural residues: corn/maize, wheat, barley, alfalfa, yellow pea, sunflower, canola/rapeseed, and two weeds/agricultural residues of kochia, and round leaf mallow. Results: The average yield ranged from about ۷ to ۱۴.۵% for the nine LPCs investigated. According to the results, yellow pea, round leaf mallow, and canola are recommended for further investigation and scaling as they appear to be fit for human consumption based on the lack of dangerous toxins found in the analysis performed in this study. Conclusion: All the compounds identified in these samples have either been approved by international regulatory boards for safe consumption or are known to be present in common beverages. The other agricultural residues require additional quantification of the toxins identified as it will determine the actual risk for human consumption. Overall, the potential for LPC to provide more needed calories from existing agricultural practices is extremely promising, but substantial amount of future work is needed to screen LPCs in all the agricultural residues depending on harvesting, handling, and storage conditions. DOI: ۱۰.۱۸۵۰۲/jfqhc.۱۰.۳.۱۳۶۴۳ Corresponding Author: Joshua M. Pearce View Orcid in Profile You can search for this author in PubMed     Google Scholar Profile

Agriculture, Food, Plant Proteins, Food Security, Aflatoxins, Plant Leaves