Mahamad Sayab Miya - Institute of Forestry, Tribhuvan University, Pokhara Campus, Pokhara ۳۳۷۰۰, Nepal.
Apeksha Chhetri - Institute of Forestry, Tribhuvan University, Pokhara Campus, Pokhara ۳۳۷۰۰, Nepal.
Deepak Gautam - School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, ۱۰۰۰۸۳, China, . Institute of Forestry, Tribhuvan University, Pokhara Campus, Pokhara ۳۳۷۰۰, Nepal.
James Kehinde Omifolaji - School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, ۱۰۰۰۸۳, China, Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Federal University Dutse, Dutse ۷۲۰۰۰۱, Jigawa State, Nigeria.

Butterflies are flagship taxa and bio-indicator of terrestrial ecosystems. Studies of butterflies are performed in different regions of Nepal, but no detailed research has been carried out in Tanahun. Hence, this study was conducted to determine the species diversity and abundance of butterflies in Byas municipality-۶ of the Tanahun, Nepal, from March to November ۲۰۲۰. The Pollard walk method was used for the data collection. A total of six transects of ۵۰۰ m, two in each habitat type (forests, settlements, and agricultural lands), were laid out randomly. The study was performed in three seasons (۹ months); Pre-Monsoon (March to May), Monsoon (June to September), and Post-Monsoon (October to November). Each transect was surveyed nine times (once a month) to record species in each month. Data were pooled and analyzed with SPSS. A total of ۱,۷۵۳ individuals of ۱۴۹ butterfly species from ۹۲ genera and six families were recorded during the study. The overall Shannon-Wiener and Margalef diversity indices were H = ۴.۱۷ and R = ۱۹.۹۵. Pielou’s Evenness was E = ۰.۸۳. Nymphalidae was the most diverse, richest species, and most abundant family (H = ۳.۳۳, R = ۸.۳۰, N = ۸۵۱). Species evenness was maximum in the family Papilionidae (E = ۰.۸۸). The forests comprised the maximum number of species (۱۱۵ species, ۸۹۸ individuals). The maximum number of species was recorded in March (۱۰۶ species), while the highest species abundance was in June (۲۶۸ individuals). The result of this study could be the baseline for further researches on butterflies in the Tanahun district.

Butterfly, Community structure, Conservation, Nymphalidae, Papilionidae