Seyed Ali Safavi - Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
Milad Bakhshaei - Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.

Efficacy of the neonicotinoid insecticide, Calypso® was studied on eggs, nymphs and adults of Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood, using a leaf disc bioassay method. Concentrations from ۰.۱۵ to ۰.۸ ml/l were applied by systemic-contact method. Nymphs were more susceptible than eggs and adults, and LC۵۰ and LC۳۰ values were estimated to be ۰.۴۶۵ and ۰.۲۶۳ ml/l, respectively. Also, the longevity and fecundity of exposed females was reduced compared to control. Moreover, the demographic parameters were adversely influenced compared to control. The intrinsic rate of increase (rm) was significantly decreased to ۰.۱۳۲ and ۰.۱۳۹ day-۱ at LC۵۰ and LC۳۰ level, compared to control (۰.۱۵۲ day-۱). Other life table parameters (R۰, λ, T, and DT) were also significantly lower in the treated insects. Sublethal concentrations of Calypso® may reduce the insecticide residuals on greenhouse crops and reduce the resistance development in greenhouse whiteflies. Therefore, these concentrations may be applicable in the management of T. vaporariorum after complementary studies.

Life table parameters, whitefly, Calypso®, sublethal concentrations