Golnaz Azami - PhD in Nursing, Department of Nursing and Rehabilitations, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), ۴۳۴۰۰, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Soh Kim Lam - PhD in Nursing, Department of Nursing and Rehabilitations, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), ۴۳۴۰۰, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
Sazlina Shariff-Ghazali - PhD in Family Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), ۴۳۴۰۰, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
Salmiah Mohd Said - PhD in Public Health Medicine, Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), ۴۳۴۰۰, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
Sanaz Aazami - PhD in Community Health, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Ilam University of Medical Science, Ilam, Iran
Mosayeb Mozafari - PhD in Nursing, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Ilam University of Medical Science, Ilam, Iran

Objective: Type ۲ diabetes mellitus (T۲DM) is a chronic condition that requires consistent medical care to help control glycemic indices. Diabetes self-management is found to be essential for optimal glycemic control. This study aimed to investigate the predictors of diabetes self-management in adult with T۲DM. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. A purposive sample of ۱۴۲ adults with T۲DM attended an outpatient endocrine clinic in an academic hospital in Ilam, Iran was invited to participate in this study from September to October ۲۰۱۶. The data were collected using a combination of validated questionnaires and the blood sample. IBM SPSS software version ۲۲ used to conduct the analysis. Hierarchical linear regression analysis with the stepwise method was used to explore the predictors of diabetes self-management.  Results: The mean age of participants was ۵۴.۲ ± (۱۱.۸) years. The mean duration of diabetes was ۸.۹ ± (۷.۴). Hierarchical linear regression analysis determined that self-management behaviors had positive relationship with efficacy expectation (B= ۰.۴۴۵, P-value< ۰.۰۱), quality of life (B= ۰.۲۲۲, P-value= ۰.۰۲), and has a negative relationship with HbA۱c (B= -۰.۱۹۴, P-value= ۰.۰۱).  Conclusion: The result of our study indicate that better diabetes self-management behaviors can be predicted by higher efficacy expectation, the better quality of life and lower HbA۱c levels. Future interventions should focus on enhancing efficacy expectation, quality of life and optimizing glycemic control to improve self-management of diabetes.

Type ۲ diabetes, Diabetes self-management behavior, Predictive factors, Iranian adults, Self-efficacy, Depression, Quality of life