A. Dolatkhahi - Department of Horticultural Science and Landscape Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Islamic Republic of Iran.
M. Shoor - Department of Horticultural Science and Landscape Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Islamic Republic of Iran.
M. Bannayan - Department of Agrotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Islamic Republic of Iran.
A. Tehranifar - Department of Horticultural Science and Landscape Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Islamic Republic of Iran.
A. Alizadeh - Department of Water Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Islamic Republic of Iran.

The present study was carried out to investigate biochemical, morphological, and physiological processes involved in the adaptive processes of cut roses grown in arching and high-rack culture systems under water deficit condition. Rose plants ‘Club-Nika’ were subjected to three water regimes [control (۱۰۰% of irrigation needs), moderate water stress (۷۵%), and severe water stress (۵۰%)] factorially combined with two training systems defined as arching and high-rack systems. Water deficit significantly reduced morphological and qualitative traits as well as water relations of cut roses. Water deficit significantly reduced Net CO۲ assimilation rate (PN), transpiration rate (E), and stomatal conductance (gs), whereas it did not affect Water Use Efficiency (WUEi) and intercellular CO۲ concentration (Ci). Surprisingly, water deficit did not affect chlorophyll content [chl a, chl b and total chl (a + b)] and proline accumulation of leaves. Considering the lack of change in intercellular CO۲ concentration, it seems likely that both stomatal closure and metabolic impairment limit photosynthetic CO۲ assimilation under water deficit. Regardless of irrigation regimes, rose plants trained with high-rack culture system showed a superiority for most of the qualitative and quantitative attributes compared to those trained with arching system. The high-rack system resulted in ۶۰% higher extra-quality stems (> ۶۰ cm) compared with the plants trained with arching. It can be concluded that cut roses respond to water deficit through adaptive changes in physiological and morphological levels to reduce water loss without any negative impact at biochemical level.

Cut roses, Photosynthesis, Relative water content, Shoot Bending, Water use efficiency.