Arthur Asa Berger - Professor Emeritus, Broadcast and Electronic Communication Arts, San Francisco State University, United States

In this article, I have tried to provide a comprehensive understanding of fundamental differences, historical evolution, and societal implications of analog and digital technologies. Analog technology, characterized by continuous signal representations of physical quantities, is contrasted with digital technology's binary nature. While digital technologies have surged in popularity, reshaping entire industries and daily life, analog technologies persist in niche applications. The historical narrative traces the digital revolution's inception from the introduction of the ENIAC computer in the ۱۹۴۰s to the miniaturization enabled by transistors in the ۱۹۵۰s. Mainframe computers, microprocessors, and the advent of personal computers in the ۱۹۷۰s and ۱۹۸۰s are pivotal milestones. The internet's emergence in the late ۲۰th century and the proliferation of smartphones in the ۲۱st century further demonstrate digital technology's transformative impact. I have also presented a case to show how digital and analog watches might have social and cultural implications, far beyond their technological nature.

analog technology, Digital Technology, ENIAC, Historical evolution, societal impact