روح الله زارع - دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد بیضا، باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان و نخبگان، بیضا، ایران
سید عزیز آرمن - گروه اقتصاد، دانشکده اقتصاد و علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه شهید چمران، اهواز، ایران

This paper examines the non-linear relationship between CO۲ emissions and economic development using an innovative dynamic panel threshold technique. The sample consists of ۳۵ developed countries over the period ۲۰۰۳-۲۰۱۰. The empirical results indicate that there is a threshold effect in the relationship between economic growth and pollutant emissions as suggested by the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC). In particular, at the early stage of economic development below the estimated threshold value, more growth deteriorates the environmental problems. However, after this threshold value further growth serves as a solution to the environmental problems. Accordingly, promoting economic growth and becoming rich in the long run, is necessary to solve the environmental problems arising from greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In the short run and in the early stage of economic growth, focus on investments in environmentally friendly technology and on the use of renewable energy is necessary for mitigating the pollution effects of economic progress.

CO۲ emissions, Economic Growth, Environmental Kuznets curve, Threshold effects, Dynamic panel threshold