Y. S. Kravchenko - Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, ۱۵۰۰۸۱, People’s Republic of China.|Soil Science and Soil Conservation Department, National University of Life and Environmenta
Q. Chen - Soil Science and Soil Conservation Department, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, ۰۳۰۴۱, Ukraine.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ۱۰۰۰۴۹, People Republic’s of China.
X. Liu - Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, ۱۵۰۰۸۱, People’s Republic of China.
S. J. Herbert - Center for Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, ۰۱۰۰۳, MA, USA.
X. Zhang - Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, ۱۵۰۰۸۱, People’s Republic of China.

This study focused on soil degradation of Ukrainian Mollisols and investigated the effect of conservation practices on soil physical, chemical, and biological properties over the past ۵۰ years. And the policies and relevant legislation are also outlined in this paper. The results showed conversion from plow-tillage to minimum tillage and no-till improved infiltration rate, pH, and Soil Organic Matter (SOM) in ۰-۱۰ cm layer and led to carbon accumulation in fulvic acids and humins. No significant differences in SOM storage were observed among tillage systems in the ۰-۱۰۰ cm layer. The five crop rotation increased ۰.۸, ۰.۷۱, and ۰.۹۴ t ha-۱ yield of cereals and ۵.۸, ۱.۰, and ۴.۲ t ha-۱ sugar beet under conventional tillage, deep minimum tillage, and reduced minimum tillage, respectively. Application of fertilizer in conservation agriculture, including NPK and manure, was ۱۲ t ha-۱ in the humid zone, ۱۰-۱۲ t ha۱manure in semi-humid zone and ۸-۱۰ t ha-۱ manure in the Mollisols region of semi-arid zone. Green manure, cover crops, and inter crops increased crop yield by ۲-۱۰% on Forest-Steppe and Steppe Mollisols. The combination of strip cropping, contour farming, contour bunds, and terracing are particularly recommended for the sloping farmland in order to reduce soil erosion. In conclusion, soil conservation practices should be applied in Ukraine to prevent soil degradation.

Conservation tillage, degradation, Erosion, Fertilizers, Soil organic carbon