L. A. Maranho - Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo - CENA/USP, Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology, Av. Centenario, ۳۰۳, São Dimas, CEP: ۱۳۴۱۶-۰۰۰, - Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
R. G. Botelho - Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo - CENA/USP, Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology, Av. Centenario, ۳۰۳, São Dimas, CEP: ۱۳۴۱۶-۰۰۰, - Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
M. Mitie Inafuku - Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo - CENA/USP, Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology, Av. Centenario, ۳۰۳, São Dimas, CEP: ۱۳۴۱۶-۰۰۰, - Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
L. de A. R. Nogueira - Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo - CENA/USP, Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology, Av. Centenario, ۳۰۳, São Dimas, CEP: ۱۳۴۱۶-۰۰۰, - Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
R. Alves de Olinda - Estadual University of Paraíba - UEPB. Campus I - Center for Science and Technology, Department of Statistic. Av das Baraúnas, ۳۵۱, CEP ۵۸۱۰۱-۰۰۱, Bodocongó, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil.
B. A. Inacio de Sousa - Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo - CENA/USP, Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology, Av. Centenario, ۳۰۳, São Dimas, CEP: ۱۳۴۱۶-۰۰۰, - Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
V. L. Tornisielo - Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo - CENA/USP, Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology, Av. Centenario, ۳۰۳, São Dimas, CEP: ۱۳۴۱۶-۰۰۰, - Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.

Recently, some natural products have been used in the fields as alternative to synthetic compounds, to minimize the negative impacts to the environment. This study aimed to verify the effects of Neem-based bio-pesticide in causing acute toxicity for a fish and chronic toxicity for a microcrustacean. To this end, Danio rerio and Daphnia magna were exposed to various concentrations of a Neem-based oil formulation. In the first experiment, adults of D. rerio were exposed for ۹۶ hours to different concentrations to determine the median lethal concentration (LC۵۰-۹۶h). For D. magna, first an acute toxicity test was performed to determine the median effective concentration (EC۵۰-۴۸h). Based on the EC۵۰ established in the acute test, the concentrations for the ۲۱-day chronic toxicity test were determined. Endpoints evaluated were reproduction (number of neonates produced) and size of D. magna.The median lethal concentration for the fish was ۰.۲۲ mL L-۱, and the median effective concentration (EC۵۰ - ۴۸h) for D. magna was ۰.۱۷ mL L-۱. In the chronic test, all concentrations affected reproduction and size of D. magna. The formulation tested may be hazardous to aquatic organisms.

Aquatic organisms, Insecticide, Natural products, Toxicology