Hassan Boskabadi - Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Forough Rakhshanizadeh - Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Ali Moradi - Orthopedic Research Centre, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Maryam Zakerihamidi - Department of Midwifery, School of Medical Sciences, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran.

Context: Jaundice is a common problem and the most common risk factor for hospitalization during the neonatal period.      Objective: The prevention of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia would not be possible without identifying its predisposing risk factors. The present systematic review study aims to determine the risk factors of neonatal jaundice. Data Sources: Databases including Science Direct, Cochrane Library, Web of Science (ISI), PubMed, and Google Scholar were searched to identify all eligible papers concerning the risk factors of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.  Study Selection: This systematic review was performed to review the causes and risk factors of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Finally, ۱۸ articles were defined as eligible for further review. Data Extraction: The keywords included neonates, jaundice, hyperbilirubinemia, and risk factors. The inclusion criteria were studies determining jaundice risk factors, while papers with only published abstracts were excluded. Results: A total of ۱۸ eligible articles (۳ retrospective, ۴ prospective, ۱۰ cross-sectional, and ۱ historical cohort) out of ۴۲۱ retrieved articles were included in this review. The etiologic causes for neonatal jaundice were ABO incompatibility (۲۴.۶%), infection (including UTI and sepsis) (۱۳.۷%), G۶PD deficiency (۹.۴%), Rh incompatibility (۷%), and cephalohematoma (۲.۹%), while, known predisposing factors for neonatal jaundice included unknown (۳۳.۲%), low birth weight (۳۰.۹%), hyperbilirubinemia in siblings (۲۲.۷%), prematurity (۲۰.۱%), and infant of diabetic mother (۶.۷%). Conclusion: According to our review with considering the studies, the etiologic causes for neonatal jaundice are ABO incompatibility, infection (including UTI and sepsis), G۶PD deficiency, Rh incompatibility, and cephalohematoma. While, known predisposing factors for neonatal jaundice include low birth weight, hyperbilirubinemia in siblings, prematurity, and infant of diabetic mother.

Risk factor, Neonatal, Jaundice, Hyperbilirubinemia, Etiolog