Maryam Valikhani - Department of Medical-surgical Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Seyed Reza Mazlum - Department of Medical-surgical Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Javad Dehghani - Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Neyshabour University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabour, Iran.
Ali Eshraghi - Department of Cardiology, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Seyed Mousa Mahdizadeh - Department of Medical-surgical Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

Background and Purpose: One of the significant complications of angioplasty is the pain at the catheterization site. These complications will increase the hospitalization duration and hospital costs. The objective of this study is to investigate the combined impact of using sand and ice bags on mitigating pain following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial research, we recruited ۶۰ patient candidates for femoral PCI who were referred to Imam Reza Hospital of Mashhad City, Iran, in ۲۰۱۷. The patients were assigned to the control and intervention groups by simple randomization. The statistical analyst was blind to the study. The arterial sheath was removed ۴ hours after coronary intervention. Then, a sandbag was placed on the site in control group subjects for up to ۴ hours. The ice and sand bags were placed on the site for ۱۵ minutes in the intervention group. Using a numerical pain measurement tool, the pain intensity was recorded at the beginning of the patient’s admission and ۳, ۶, and ۱۲ hours after the sheath removal. The obtained data were analyzed by descriptive statistics (mean & SD) and inferential statistics (The Chi-Square, Fisher exact, Mann-Whitney, Friedman, and t-tests). Results: The mean score of pain intensity in the sandbag combined with the ice bag group (۱.۱±۱.۰) was significantly lower than the sandbag group (۲.۴±۰.۹) at the ۳ hours after the sheath removal (P<۰.۰۰۱). The mean pain intensity scores at the ۶ hours after the sheath removal were ۰.۷±۰.۷ in the sandbag combined with the ice bag group and ۱.۰±۰.۸ (P=۰.۴۰۷) in the sandbag group. Also, ۱۲ hours later, the pain difference between groups was not significant (۰.۲±۰.۴ in the sandbag combined with the ice bag group and ۰.۴±۰.۶ in the sandbag group (P=۰.۴۸۲). Conclusion: Although both interventions reduced the patient’s pain, the group with the combination of ice bag and sandbag tolerated less pain ۳ hours after removing the sheath. Thus, this method can be applied as an available, effective, and cost-effective technique in angiography units of hospitals for reducing local pain.

Percutaneous coronary intervention, Ice, Sand, Pain