Mehran Zarghami - Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Arefeh Beygom Shafaat - Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Alireza Khalilian - Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Nasrin Bali Lashak - Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Mehdi Bina - Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Elham Shirazi - Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Mehdi Tehranidoost - Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Ebrahim Abdollahian - Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Mozhgan Kar Ahmadi - Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Fatemeh Taghizadeh - Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.

Context: Smoking in adolescence is a worldwide health problem. Understanding the prevalence of smoking and its clinical correlates in adolescent inpatients is useful for mental health staff to plan effective programs to reduce its detrimental consequences. In this study, we investigated the prevalence and correlates of cigarette smoking and its sociodemographic and clinical correlates. We performed a narrative review of cigarette smoking prevalence among adolescents as well as a descriptive study in inpatient adolescents in Iran.  Evidence Acquisition: This was a multicentric, cross-sectional, and hospital-based survey. In total, ۸۲ patients (male/female: ۶۶.۹% vs. ۳۳.۱%) were consecutively recruited from ۵ child and adolescent inpatient psychiatric wards of Iran. The study data were collected from patients, their family members and patients’ medical records. The descriptive statistics, Pearson’s chi-squared test, and univariate logistic regression analyses were employed to analyze the obtained data. Additionally, we added a narrative review to understand the prevalence rate of smoking and its clinical correlates in adolescent inpatients. Results: The prevalence rate of smoking was ۳۰% in our study sample (۲۴.۵% in boys and ۳۹.۵ % in girls). There was a significant association between smoking with family size, history of suicide attempt, physical illness, drug misuse in patients, and alcohol or drug misuse in family members. The prevalence of mood disorders in the nonsmokers and smokers were ۳۷.۵% and ۶۲.۵%, respectively. Overall, ۲۶.۶% of the subjects had a history of suicide attempt of whom, ۵۲.۹% were smokers. Conclusions: Results of this study about the association between smoking with family size, history of suicide attempt, physical illness, drug misuse, and other related factors, call for both careful screening of smoking and specially designed integrated psychiatric/smoking treatments in these patients.

Smoking, Adolescent, Inpatient