Vali Khoshghadam Pireyousefan - Department of Plant Eco-Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
Saeed Zahtab Salmasi - Department of Plant Eco-Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
Jalil Shafagh-Kolvanagh - Department of Plant Eco-Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

Intercropping improves the efficiency of using resources such as water, nutrients, and solar radiation, which consequently increases yield per unit area. Moreover, it enhances soil fertility and plant nutrient supply. This study was conducted to evaluate the grain yield and production of dragon head essential oil under intercropping with chickpeas. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Intercropping patterns included the pure stand of dragon's head, monoculture of two chickpea varieties (Azad, Arman), additive intercropping of the optimal density of Azad and Arman chickpea + ۴۰%, ۶۰%, and ۸۰% of the optimum density of dragon's head. The highest and lowest biomass and grain yield of the dragon's head were obtained in sole cropping and ۸۰% dragon's head + ۱۰۰% Azad chickpea, respectively. Moreover, the highest essential oil content and yield of the dragon's head were obtained from the cropping pattern of ۶۰% dragon's head + ۱۰۰% Azad chickpea. Also, the land equivalent ratio (LER) was greater than one for all intercropping patterns, except for the intercropping of ۸۰% dragon's head along with ۱۰۰% Arman and Azad chickpeas, and the highest partial LER of dragon's head was obtained from intercropping of ۴۰% dragon's head with۱۰۰% Arman chickpea. In general, intercropping ۴۰% dragon's head with۱۰۰% density of both cultivars of the chickpea seems a suitable model for intercropping these two crops.

dragon's head, Essential Oil Yield, Grain, yield intercropping, Land Equivalent Ratio