Somayeh Shahbazi - Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
Mahmoud Toorchi - Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran; Center of Excellence for Cereal Molecular Breeding, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
Mohammad Moghaddam - Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran; Center of Excellence for Cereal Molecular Breeding, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
Saeid Aharizad - Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
Ali Bandehhagh - Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

In this experiment, the effect of salt stress on the root proteome pattern of Arg (tolerant to salinity) and Moghan۳ (sensitive to salinity) cultivars of wheat was investigated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Salinity was applied at two levels of ۰ and ۱۵۰ mM in the third-leaf stage for three weeks under greenhouse conditions. The proteome analysis of the roots revealed ۱۲۰ reproducible protein spots, among which ۱۵ spots showed significant changes in expression. In Moghan۳, four protein spots with a significant reduction in expression were identified. In the tolerant cultivar of Arg, ۱۱ protein spots showed significant changes in expression, among which five protein spots had an increased expression and six protein spots had a decreased expression. These proteins were classified based on their function into several groups such as the proteins involved in metabolism and energy, reactive oxygen species scavenging and detoxification, the proteins associated with cell walls, and the proteins involved in folding and degradation. Probably, the tolerance to salt stress in the Arg cultivar was related to the increased expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase, phosphoglycerate mutase, catalase, and malate dehydrogenase proteins. While in the sensitive variety of Moghan۳, the decrease in the expression of enolase, peroxidase, and glutathione peroxidase proteins under salinity stress conditions probably caused oxidative stress in the plants due to increased production of reactive oxygen species. These findings can be useful for improving the salt tolerance in the breeding programs of wheat.

Proteome analysis, reactive oxygen species, Salt stress, two-dimensional electrophoresis