Nader Sadeghi - Department of Pharmacy Practice, East West College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, India
Hoda Sadeghi - Department of Pharmacy Practice, East West College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, India
Dharshini Nangaru Mohan - Department of Pharmacy Practice, East West College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, India
Asghar Sepahvand - Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran

Introduction: Candidiasis therapy is a complicated concern because of the occurrence of resistance to antifungal agents. We studied the anti-fungal effects of Ferula macrecolea essential oil (FME) against Candida albicans resistant and sensitive strains, as well as its cytotoxic effects against normal and cancer cell lines. Methods: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of F. macrecolea essential oil against C. albicans ATCC ۵۰۲۷ and C. albicans ATCC ۷۶۶۱۶ were studied by broth-microdilution approach. The cytotoxicities of FME on HGF۱-PI (normal gingival cell line) and HepG۲ (liver cancer cell line) cells were also studied. Results: The main components of essential oil were terpinolene (۷۱.۲۵%), n-nonanal (۶.۳۲%), and linalool (۳.۹۵%), respectively. The MIC and MFC of FME on C. albicans sensitive to nystatin were ۱.۶ and ۲.۰ μg/mL, respectively. The MIC and MFC of FME on nystatin-resistant strains were ۳.۳ and ۴ μg/mL, respectively. The MIC and MFC of terpinolene on C. albicans sensitive to nystatin were ۰.۸ and ۱.۰ μg/mL, respectively. The MIC and MFC of terpinolene on nystatin-resistant strains were ۲ and ۲.۴ μg/mL, respectively. The essential oil and terpinolene had no significant cytotoxic effects against normal cells. Conclusion: We revealed the promising antifungal effect of F. macrecolea essential oil and its main component, terpinolene, against C. albicans sensitive and resistant to nystatin with no significant toxicity on normal cells.

Antifungal activity, Cytotoxic effect, Ferula, Essential oil, Oral cancer cells