Sepehr Arammi - Department of Sport Physiology, Behbahan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Behbehan, Iran
Massoud Sahragard - Department of Sport Physiology, Behbahan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Behbehan, Iran
Asiye Seyed - Department of Sport Physiology, Behbahan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Behbehan, Iran
Omidreza Salehi - Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
Seyed Ali Hosseini - Department of Sport Physiology, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran
Zahra Mosallanezhad - Department of Sport Physiology Zand Institute of Higher Education, Shiraz, Iran

Objective:The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of swimming (S) training in water at ۵°C (S۵C) and ۳۵°C (S۳۵C) along with cinnamon (Cin) supplementationon liver enzymes and thyroid hormones in streptozotocin (STZ(-induced diabetic rats.Materials and Methods:In this experimental trial, ۴۸ diabetic rats (۵۵ mg/kg STZ) were divided into (۱) diabetic control (CD), (۲) S۵C, (۳) S۵C+Cin, (۴) S۳۵C, (۵) S۳۵C+Cin and (۶) Cin groups.Eight rats were placed in the healthy control (HC) group to evaluate the effects of diabetes induction on the research variables. Swimming training was performed at ۵±۲°C and ۳۵±۲°C for eight weeks, ۳ days a week.For Cin supplementation, ۲۰۰ mg/kg/day of the aqueous extract of cinnamon was dissolved in the animals drinking water. One-way analysis of variance with Tukey's post- hoc test in Graphpad Prism software was used to analyze the findings.Results:S۵C and S۳۵C significantly increased thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and decreased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT)(p≤۰.۰۵). TSH levels in the S۳۵C group were higher than the S۵C group (p≥۰.۰۵); ALT levels in the S۵C group were lower than the S۳۵C group (p≥۰.۰۵). Also, Cin decreased AST and ALT levels (p≥۰.۰۵), while S۳۵C+Cin decreased T۳, ALP and ALT and S۵C+Cin decreased ALP (p≥۰.۰۵).Conclusion:It seems that training at different temperatures and consumption of cinnamon synergistically lead to improvement of liver enzymes and modulation of thyroid hormones. However, the effect of training in cold water and its impact on thyroid hormones is still unknown and needs further research.

Cinnamon, Diabetes Mellitus, Exercise, Liver Function Tests, Temperature, Thyroid hormones