Alia Saberi - Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurology, PourSina Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
Sajjad Rezaei - Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.; Neuroscience Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
Fatemeh Shabani - Guilan Road Trauma Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
Samaneh Ghorbani Shirkouhi - Neuroscience Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.

Objective: Headache is one of the common complaints of referral patients. The prevalence of symptoms of depression and anxiety in patients with headache is significant. The previous researches suggested the role of self-efficacy of pain in modifying psychological symptoms and improving clinical outcomes. The current study aimed at investigating the role of self-efficacy beliefs of pain in psychiatric symptoms and clinical outcomes of patients with chronic headache. Methods: The current descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on ۱۰۶ patients with chronic primary headache referred to neurology clinics of Guilan University of Medical Sciences from September ۲۰۱۶ to March ۲۰۱۷. Patients responded to questions of pain self-efficacy beliefs scales, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Data were analyzed by multivariate hierarchical regression. Results: The results of Pearson correlation coefficient showed a reverse and significant relationship between pain self-efficacy beliefs and pain severity (r=-۰.۲۵, P=۰.۰۰۹). In the regression analysis, after controlling demographic variables, self-efficacy beliefs were able to predict the pain severity scale (F=۴.۵۷۰, P=۰.۰۳۵) and anxiety (F=۴.۴۱۴, P=۰.۰۳۸). There was also a significant non-linear quadratic correlation between the severity of pain with headache frequency (F=۳.۳۷۷, P=۰.۰۳۸). Conclusion: Self-efficacy beliefs are more correlated with the reduction of the severity of pain in chronic headache and can predict it. It seems that these types of beliefs can play a protective role against anxiety and headache frequency in patients with chronic headache.

Self-Efficacy, Pain, Headache Disorders, Depression, Anxiety