Vahid Manshaei - Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ayatollah Boroujerdi University, P.O. Box: ۶۹۱۹۹-۶۹۴۱۱, Borujerd, Iran
Mohammad Javad Noroozi - Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ayatollah Boroujerdi University, P.O. Box: ۶۹۱۹۹-۶۹۴۱۱, Borujerd, Iran
Ali Shaafi - Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ayatollah Boroujerdi University, P.O. Box: ۶۹۱۹۹-۶۹۴۱۱, Borujerd, Iran

In this research, the separate and simultaneous effects of pilot-main injection dwell time, pilot fuel quantity, and hydrogen gas addition on combustion characteristics, emissions formation, and performance in a heavy-duty diesel engine were investigated. To conduct the numerical study, valid and reliable models such as KH-RT for the break-up, K-Zeta-F for turbulence, and also ECFM-۳Z for combustion were used. The effects of thirty-one different strategies based on two variables such as pilot-main injection dwell time (۲۰, ۲۵, ۳۰, ۳۵, and ۴۰ CA) and pilot fuel quantity (۵, ۱۰, and ۱۵% of total fuel per cycle) on NDC and DHC were investigated. The obtained results showed that by decreasing pilot-main injection dwell time due to shorter combustion duration and higher MCP, MCT, and HRRPP, amounts of CO and soot emissions decreased at the expense of high NOx formation. Also, increasing pilot fuel quantity due to higher combustion temperature and less oxygen concentration for the main fuel injection event led to an increase of NOx and soot emissions simultaneously. The addition of H۲ due to significant heating value has increased IP and improved ISFC at the expense of NOx emissions but considerably decreased CO and soot emissions simultaneously.

Combustion simulation, Hydrogen combustion, Pilot fuel quantity, Performance, Emissions