Hossein Sourtiji - Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Mehdi Rassafiani - Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait.
Seyed Ali Hosseini - Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Mohammad Esmaeil Motlagh - Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
Mehdi Noroozi - Substance Abuse and Dependence Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Objectives: Time-use has become an important field of research in social and medical sciences. Time diary is the most popular method for measuring time-use that has ۲ different methods of administration including yesterday and tomorrow diary. The present study aimed to compare these methods of measuring time-use.  Methods: This cross-sectional comparative study was conducted on ۲۵۶ under ۵-year-old healthy children that were selected using multistage stratified cluster sampling method in ۲۰۱۷. Data were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test, Pearson correlation coefficient, Spearman correlation coefficient, ۲-way ANOVA, Independent t-test and Mann–Whitney U Test.  Results: Participants spent ۱۴۷۶.۲۳ min/d on aggregate daily occupations, according to the yesterday-diary estimate, and ۱۴۹۲.۱۴ min/d according to the tomorrow-diary. In one area of occupation, the yesterday and tomorrow diary estimates differed slightly. Two-way ANOVA found no significant interaction between diary method and age category (F۵,۲۳۴=۱.۲۲۲, P=۰.۳۰۰) and no significant main effect of diary method (F۱,۲۳۴ =۰.۸۳۰). While, the ANOVA revealed a significant main effect for age category (F۵,۲۳۴=۴.۹۱, P=۰.۰۰). There were no significant mean differences in the number of occupational repertoires between the participants of yesterday and tomorrow diary groups. Likewise, there were no significant differences in the number of verbatim of the two groups. Discussion: The findings of our study indicated no difference between yesterday and tomorrow diaries estimates in terms of measuring under ۵-year-old children’s time-use.

Time-use, Yesterday-diary, Tomorrow-diary, Children