Hamideh Miri Abyaneh - Department of Physiotherapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Zahra Mosallanezhad - Department of Physiotherapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Hooman Mohammadalizade - Department of Physiotherapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Enayatollah Bakhshi - Department of Physiotherapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Ghazaleh Vahedi - Department of Sport Biomechanics, Faculty of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Mohammad Reza Nourbakhsh - Department of Physiotherapy, University of North Georgia, Georgia, USA.

Objectives: To investigate the clinical efficacy of physiotherapy with and without superficial dry needling on patients with knee pain; patellofemoral pain syndrome. Methods: A randomized clinical trial conducted in ۲۰۱۵, Tehran, Iran. Of patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome, thirty-four subjects were randomly divided into two groups (۱۷ in each group). Group A was subjected to physiotherapy and group B to physiotherapy with superficial dry needling. Only for group B, superficial dry needling was applied during the ten-day sessions of physiotherapy, every other day. The needle remained for ۶ minutes at threepoints of the quadriceps muscle, accompanied with needle rotation. Both groups received ۱۰ therapy sessions. For both groups, in the first and tenth sessions, knee pain and quadriceps muscle strength was evaluated. Results: Statistical analysis showed the two variables in each group had significant improvements after the ۱۰ sessions (P<۰.۰۵). Comparing the two groups, group B showed more pain reduction based on the visual analog scale (P<۰.۰۵). However, according to manual muscle testing method, the muscle strength between both the groups showed no significant difference (P<۰.۱۵۶). Discussion: Physiotherapy with and without superficial dry needling were seen to reduce pain and increase muscle strength of patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome. However, performing physiotherapy with superficial dry needling had a more significant effect on reducing knee pain. Superficial needling can cause many physiological and neurophysiological effects. Through stimulation of pain control mechanisms, it can help in further reduction of pain.

Pain, Muscle strength, Knee joint, Physiotherapy, Needles, Clinical trial