Tabassom Ghanavati - University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Noureddin Karimi - University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Mahyar Salavati - University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Hossein Negahban - Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
Mohammad Mehravar - Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
Masumeh Hessam - Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
Ismail Ebrahimi Takamjani - Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Objectives: Knowledge about gender differences in intra-limb coordination during walking provides insight into the adaptability of central nervous system for controlling gait in older adults. We assessed the variability and phase dynamic of the intra-limb coordination in older men and women during walking. Methods: Twenty two older people, ۱۱ female and ۱۱ male, participated in this study. They were asked to perform walk on a treadmill at their preferred speed. Deviation phase and mean absolute relative phase values-indicators of variability and phase dynamic of intra-limb coordination, respectively-were calculated using the data collected by a motion capture system. We used independent sample t-test for statistical analysis. Results: The results showed that women had a significant higher deviation phase in pelvis-thigh inter-segmental relationships on both sides. Additionally, the mean absolute relative phase of left pelvis-thigh, thigh-shank and shank-foot were significantly different between men and women. Discussion: While women showed a lower mean absolute relative phase in pelvis-thigh, men had a lower mean absolute relative phase in shank-thigh inter-segmental relationships. We suggest that gender could affect the intra-limb coordination variability and phase dynamic during walking in older people. This may be a reflection of the great adaptability of neuromuscular system to modify control strategies for walking in older women/men.

Intra-limb coordination, Continuous relative phase, Gait, Gender, Elderly