N Shamki Fayyad - Biology Department. College of Education for Pure Science, University of Thi-Qar University, Thi-Qar, Iraq
H Risan Al-Rikabi - Biology Department. College of Education for Pure Science, University of Thi-Qar University, Thi-Qar, Iraq

The increased levels of blood glucose associated with genetic and/or environmental risk factors have been known as Type ۲ diabetes mellitus (T۲D). T۲D is categorized as a dangerous clinical syndrome for global public health. It has been well-documented that several candidate genes are functionally associated with T۲D. One of the candidate genes linked to T۲D is named Angiotensin-converting enzyme ۲ (ACE۲). Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the relationship between ACE۲ gene polymorphism and the development of T۲D in Iraq. This study includes ۱۵۰ participants (۱۰۰) T۲D patients and ۵۰ healthy participants as a control group. Through the analysis of the recorded data, ۷۸% were nonsmokers, while the rest were smokers. The current study found ۶۱% of T۲D patients suffer from hypertension (P-value=۰.۰۲۸). In this study, ۸۰% of patients have the GG genotype. However, ۲۶% have the GA genotype without a significant difference between patients and the control group (OR=۰.۷۸). Mutations in the ACE۲ gene were recorded in the gene bank with accession numbers LC۶۵۶۳۶۳, LC۶۵۶۳۶۴, LC۶۵۶۳۶۵, LC۶۵۶۳۶۶, LC۶۵۶۳۶۷ and LC۶۵۶۳۶۸. The current study showed a relationship between mutations and polymorphisms in the ACE۲ gene and type ۲ diabetes mellitus. The polymorphisms, deletion and insertion mutations had an important role in the pathophysiology of type ۲ diabetes mellitus. The study recorded some mutations in the Clinical Variation website at NCBI's National Center for Biotechnology Information. The current study showed a relationship between smoking and the risk of developing type ۲ diabetes. The current study's findings indicated that mutations affecting the three encoded genes could directly cause impaired insulin production in people with type ۲ diabetes.

ACE۲, PCR, type ۲ diabetes mellitus, Thi Qar population