Y Izaldeen Sowaid - Northern Technical University, Kirkuk Technical Institute, Kirkuk, Iraq
K Omer M Ali - Tikrit University, College of Medicine, Tikrit, Iraq
S Saad Abul Hussian - Kirkuk University, College of Medicine, Kirkuk, Iraq

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) which are known as Gram-negative bacteria tend to selectively colonize in the gastric epithelium. The infiltration of neutrophilic and mononuclear cells in the antrum and corpus mucosa is one of the consequences of acute and chronic gastritis colonization with H. pylori. This chronic active gastritis is the primary condition related to H. pylori colonization, and other H. pylori-associated disorders result from this chronic inflammatory process. The present study aimed to assess the relationship between H. pylori infection and extra-gastroduodenal manifestations, such as iron deficiency anemia, chronic spontaneous urticarial, diabetes mellitus, and celiac diseases with low ferritin levels. There were ۲۳۵ subjects aged ۳-۷۵ years in the patient's group. The selected eligible patients were subjected to examination by non-invasive methods using stool antigen test and ۱۴C-urea breath test (۱۴C-UBT). The H. pylori antigen rapid test cassette (feces) was used for the qualitative detection of H. pylori antigens in human feces specimens. In the present study, ۱۸۳ (۷۱.۸%) patients demonstrated positive results for H. pylori which had been detected by stool antigen test, out of whom ۱۰۶ (۵۷.۹%) and ۷۷ (۴۲.۱%) cases were female and male, respectively. The recorded data pointed out that the rates of Iron deficiency anemia, diabetes mellitus, and celiac diseases were ۹۲(۵۰.۳%), ۶۲ (۳۳.۹%), and ۲۵ (۱۳.۷%), respectively. The findings of the present study revealed that H.pylori is more prevalent in females. Moreover, the diagnostic potential of the ۱۴C UBT method was higher and more accurate than the stool antigen assay.

Celiac, diabetes, Gastric manifestation, Gastritis