Abdurrahman Abubakar - Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, P. O. Box: ۸۱۳۱۰, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
Madihah Salleh - Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, P. O. Box: ۸۱۳۱۰, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
Adibah Yahya - Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, P. O. Box: ۸۱۳۱۰, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
Chong Shiong - Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, P. O. Box: ۸۱۳۱۰, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
Shaza Mohamad - Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, ۸۱۳۱۰ Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
Suraini Abd-Aziz Abd-Aziz - Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, P. O. Box: ۴۳۴۰۰ Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia
Huszalina Hussin - Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, P. O. Box: ۸۱۳۱۰, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia

Oil Palm Frond (OPF) juice has been the focus of Malaysian bioenergy producers through acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation. However, due to the high concentration of phenolic compounds in the hydrolysate, usually gallicacid and ferulic acids, the fermentation medium turns acidic which hinders the growth of most microorganisms. A suitable method of phenolic compound removal with a minimal effect on the sugar stability of OPF juice has been employed using Amberlite XAD-۴ resin. During the detoxification process, the effects of temperature and pH on the removal of phenolic compounds and sugar stability were also assessed. The Amberlite XAD-۴ resin managed to adsorb about ۳۲% of phenolic compound from the OPF hydrolysate at an optimum temperature of ۵۰ °C and hydrogen ion concentration (pH) of ۶. In addition, it maintained as much as ۹۳.۷ % of the sugar in the OPF juice. The effect of detoxifying OPF hydrolysate was further tested for biobutanol production in batch culture using strain Clostridium acetobutylicum SR۱, L۲, and A۱. Strain L۲ gave the highest improvement in biobutanol and total solvent production by ۲۲.۷% and ۱۴.۴۱%, respectively, in medium with detoxified OPF juice. Meanwhile, compared to non-detoxified OPF juice, the acid production of strain L۲ significantly decreased by ۲.۹۹-fold when using detoxified OPF juice, despite a ۱.۲-fold increase in sugar consumption. Conclusively, using Amberlite XAD-۴ resin to detoxify OPF hydrolysate at pH ۶ and ۵۰ °C removed the phenolic compound while increasing the strain L۲ capability to improve biobutanol and total solvent production.

ABEFermentation, Biobutanol, Detoxification, Phenolic Compounds, oil palm frond hydrolysate