Masoumeh Kiani - Department of microbiology, faculty of medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of medical sciences, Yazd, Iran
Abazar Pournajaf - Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
Thelma Zareh - University of Surrey, Business school, Guildford, United Kingdom
Mohsen Karami - Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
Mojtaba Taghizadeh Armaki - Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
Mehrdad Gholami - Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran

Background: The increasing resistance of human microbial pathogens to the available antibacterial compounds is a significant threat, resulting in the search for new antibiotic resources such as plants and probiotics. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial effect of ethanolic and methanolic extracts of Urtica dioica, Mentha longifolia, and bacteriocin purified from a probiotic bacteria using the standard disk diffusion method against some pathogenic strains. Materials  and  methods: Ethanolic/methanolic extract of U.  dioica,  M.  longifolia, and bacteriocin from probiotic bacteria were prepared by the standard methods. The effect of different concentrations of the extracts on some antibiotic-resistant bacteria was evaluated using the standard disk diffusion method by measuring the diameter of the growth inhibition zone. Results: The disk diffusion test showed that the bacteriocin Lactobacillus casei had more growth inhibitory effects on the tested bacterial strains than the methanolic and ethanolic extracts of U.  dioica  and M.  longifolia. Bacteriocin extract of L.  casei exhibited significant antibacterial activity at the concentrations of ۱۲ and ۱۸ mg/mL (P≤۰.۰۵) against antibiotic-resistant bacteria, while a ۱۲ mm zone of inhibition was observed in the concentration of ۱.۵ mg/mL against Salmonella  enterica  serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium). Conclusion: According to the agar well diffusion method results, the bacteriocin producing L. casei has an extensive range of antibacterial spectrum against resistant bacteria. It can be used as an alternative to antimicrobia agents for the treatment of infections caused by resistant bacteria. It is suggested that in future research, the cytotoxicity of the extracts be evaluated in vitro/in vivo studies.

Lactobacillus casei, Urtica dioica, Mentha longifolia, resistant bacteria