Maryam Asadi Farsani - Shahrekord university
Ebrahim Banitalebi - Shahrekord university
Mohammad Faramarzi - Esfahan University, Esfahan, Iran.
Nuredin Bakhtiari - Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, North- Branch of Tehran, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Mostafa Rahimi - Shahrekord university

Background: Type ۲ Diabetes (T۲D) in the elderly is an epidemic that significantly impacts global health. This experimental study aimed to compare the responses of microRNA-۱۳۳a (miR-۱۳۳a) in different tissues and of Runt-related transcription factor ۲ (Runx۲) in bone marrow tissue following resistance and endurance training in old rats with High-Fat Diet and Streptozotocin (HFD/STZ)- induced type ۲ diabetes. Materials and Methods: T۲D was induced by HFD/low-dose STZ in ۳۰ male Wistar rats (۲۱-monthold, Mean±SD weight ۴۱۸±۴۳ g). The rats received HFD (۵۵%, ۳۱%, and ۱۴% of energy from fat, carbohydrate, and protein, respectively; ۵.۲ kcal/g). The diets continued for eight weeks in both groups. Over week four, the rats in the group with HFD/STZ-induced T۲D received treatment with low-dose STZ. After one week of familiarity with the laboratory environment, they were randomly divided into three groups: Diabetic Endurance Training (DET, n=۱۰), Diabetic Resistance Training (DRT, n=۱۰), and Diabetic Control (DC, n=۱۰). The eight weeks of endurance training protocol comprised five sessions of moderate-intensity training (۶۰%-۷۵% velocity at maximal oxygen uptake (vVO۲max) and low intensity (۳۰%-۳۰% vVO۲max). In ۶۰% Maximum Voluntary Carrying Capacity (MVCC), the resistance group climbed the ladder ۱۴-۲۰ times with ۱-minute rest, five days a week. Results: The results of the ۱-way ANOVA test showed no significant change in serum miR-۱۳۳ expression (P=۰.۴۱۱) and muscle tissue (P=۰.۰۷۷) following resistance and endurance training. However, significant differences were observed in bone marrow miR-۱۳۳ expression (P=۰.۰۰۳) and Runx۲ gene expression (P=۰.۰۰۲) between groups. Tukey’s post hoc tests showed that the bone marrow miR-۱۳۳ expression had a significant increase following eight weeks of resistance training compared to the endurance training (P=۰.۰۰۶) and control (P=۰.۰۰۲) groups, and bone marrow Runx۲ gene expression in rats exposed to resistance training compared to the endurance training (P=۰.۰۴۴) and the control (P=۰.۰۱۸) groups. Conclusion: It seems that longer periods of exercise are required for cellular changes in the metabolism of these tissues after these exercise protocols. This topic should be studied in future research.

Exercise, microRNA, Diabetes mellitus