- - - MD, PhD, Department of Radiation Oncology, Edward Hines Jr VA Hospital, Hines, IL ۶۰۱۴۱, United States
- - - PhD, Bevelacqua Resources, Richland, Washington ۹۹۳۵۲, United States
- - - PhD, Medical Physics Department of, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

It has recently been reported that differences in life expectancy can be linked to income. In Norway, a registry-based study that included all Norwegian residents aged ≥ ۴۰ years (۲۰۰۵-۲۰۱۵) was performed. This study showed substantial and increasing gaps in life expectancy by income level during the interval between ۲۰۰۵-۲۰۱۵. Compared to the United States, the largest life expectancy differences were for individuals in the lower to middle part of the income distribution, although differences were observed at all income levels. Despite its undeniable strengths and although this paper can be considered as a significant contribution to this field, it has some shortcomings. The first shortcoming of this study is due to ignoring the effects of population exposures to natural and man-made ionizing and non-ionizing radiation on life expectancy. Another shortcoming arises from ignoring the strong impact of education on lifestyle. In summary, what is observed in this study might be at least to some extent, due to education-related changes in lifestyle and not necessarily income (despite the mutual links between education and income).

Household Income, Life expectancy, Mortality, education, Lifestyle, Radiation