Fatemeh Salami - Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
Reza Mohebbati - Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
Sara Hoseinian - Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
Samira Shahraki - Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
Hossein Hosseinzadeh - Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
Abolfazl Khajavirad - Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

Propolis is produced by bees using a mixture of bees wax and saliva. It contains several bioactive compounds that mainly induce anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. In this review, we aimed to investigate the effects of propolis on kidney diseases. We used “Kidney”, “Disease”, “Propolis”, “Renal”, “Constituent”, “Mechanism”, “Infection”, and other related keywords as the main keywords to search for works published before July ۲۰۲۳ in Google scholar, Scopus, and Pubmed databases. The search terms were selected according to Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). This review showed that propolis affects renal disorders with inflammatory and oxidative etiology due to its bioactive compounds, mainly flavonoids and polyphenols. There have been few studies on the effects of propolis on kidney diseases; nevertheless, the available studies are integrated in this review. Overall, propolis appears to be effective against several renal diseases through influencing mechanisms such as apoptosis, oxidative balance, and inflammation.

Anti-inflammatory, Anti-Oxidants, Kidney, Propolis, Toxicity