Birara Tade - Lecturer in animal breeding and genetics , Hawassa university, Ethiopia
Aberra Melesse - Professor in animal breeding and genetics, Hawassa university, Ethiopia
Simret Betsha - Associate professor in animal reproductive physilogy, college of Agriculture, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia

The study was conducted to describe the breeding objectives, selection criteria, and breeding practices for improvement of genetics of indigenous goat populations in South Gondar. To this effect, ۳ districts (Farta, Fogera, and Libokemkem) were selected purposely based on distribution of goat population. Data were collected from ۱۵۳ randomly selected households and gathered through semi-structured questionnaires, focus group discussions, and field observations. The results indicated that the overall mean of young bucks and does was ۷.۹% and ۱۰.۵%, respectively. The mean number of breeding does per household was ۴.۵۵, ۵.۱۲, and ۵.۸ in Farta, Fogera, and Libo-kemkem districts, respectively. The average flock size per household for Fogera, Farta, and Libokemkem was ۹.۲, ۱۰.۵, and ۱۱.۷ with an overall average of ۱۰.۵ goats. Income generation, meat consumption, and saving ranked first, second, and third, respectively for the reason of goat rearing in all districts. About ۶۲.۷ % of the respondents owned breeding bucks of which ۷۰.۸ % of them were born in the flock. The overall selection criteria of bucks were early maturity, coat color, and appearance with index values of ۰.۲۲, ۰.۲, and ۰.۱۹, respectively. Selection criteria of does were appearance, sexual maturity, and litter size with index values of ۰.۲, ۰.۱۹, and ۰.۱۴, respectively. About ۹۵% of the households exercise uncontrolled mating. The results concluded that breeding does in south Gondar represented the largest proportion of goats and covered ۴۹.۸% of the total population of goats followed by kids of both sexes. Goat breeding practiced in the study area was traditional, keeping them primarily for income generation. The breeding system of the goat was characterized by uncontrolled mating which would lead to the occurrence of inbreeding depression in small flocks.DOR: https://dorl.net/dor/۲۰.۱۰۰۱.۱.۲۳۴۵۴۳۷۷.۲۰۲۲.۱۰.۱.۲.۰The study was conducted to describe the breeding objectives, selection criteria, and breeding practices for improvement of genetics of indigenous goat populations in South Gondar. To this effect, ۳ districts (Farta, Fogera, and Libokemkem) were selected purposely based on distribution of goat population. Data were collected from ۱۵۳ randomly selected households and gathered through semi-structured questionnaires, focus group discussions, and field observations. The results indicated that the overall mean of young bucks and does was ۷.۹% and ۱۰.۵%, respectively. The mean number of breeding does per household was ۴.۵۵, ۵.۱۲, and ۵.۸ in Farta, Fogera, and Libo-kemkem districts, respectively. The average flock size per household for Fogera, Farta, and Libokemkem was ۹.۲, ۱۰.۵, and ۱۱.۷ with an overall average of ۱۰.۵ goats. Income generation, meat consumption, and saving ranked first, second, and third, respectively for the reason of goat rearing in all districts. About ۶۲.۷ % of the respondents owned breeding bucks of which ۷۰.۸ % of them were born in the flock. The overall selection criteria of bucks were early maturity, coat color, and appearance with index values of ۰.۲۲, ۰.۲, and ۰.۱۹, respectively. Selection criteria of does were appearance, sexual maturity, and litter size with index values of ۰.۲, ۰.۱۹, and ۰.۱۴, respectively. About ۹۵% of the households exercise uncontrolled mating. The results concluded that breeding does in south Gondar represented the largest proportion of goats and covered ۴۹.۸% of the total population of goats followed by kids of both sexes. Goat breeding practiced in the study area was traditional, keeping them primarily for income generation. The breeding system of the goat was characterized by uncontrolled mating which would lead to the occurrence of inbreeding depression in small flocks. DOR: https://dorl.net/dor/۲۰.۱۰۰۱.۱.۲۳۴۵۴۳۷۷.۲۰۲۲.۱۰.۱.۲.۰

breeding practices, mating, indigenous goat, traditional breeding, selection, South Gondar