Hatim M Jaber - Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan
Saja Ebdah - PhD Candidate, Department of Biological Sciences, Jordan University, Amman, Jordan
Sameer A. Al Haj Mahmoud - Assistant Professor, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan
Areej H Jaber - Resident at Pediatrics Higher Specialization Program, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University Hospital, Amman, Jordan

Introduction: Different COVID-۱۹ vaccines can affect various body systems, including the immune system, leading to distinctions in immune responses like natural killer cell cytotoxic activity, complement system function, and B-cell antibody production among vaccinated and non-vaccinated individuals. In Jordan, so far, there is no study exploring these immune response variations for four COVID-۱۹ vaccines, along with the factors influencing the response and post-vaccination clinical outcomes.Methods: This study focuses on the humoral responses of ۳۵۰ adult participants. Through participant interviews, one blood sample was collected for subsequent laboratory testing, utilizing the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method to examine the presence of COVID-۱۹ antibodies in participants' plasma. A Chi-square test was performed to test for the statistical significance.Results: Our results indicate significant differences in positive antibody response efficiency (p value > ۰.۰۰۱) among participants who received two or three doses of COVID-۱۹ inactivated and mRNA vaccines. The order of higher positive antibody frequency is as follows: Pfizer (۹۰.۵%), Sputnik V (۸۸.۱%), Sinopharm (۷۸.۸%), and AstraZeneca (۶۵.۸%). There is a noticeable inclination towards the efficacy of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine, evidenced by the highest levels of antibodies in recipients of this vaccine. Our study revealed that various factors, including gender, age, and smoking status prior to infection, play a role in significant contributors affecting immune response and influencing the effectiveness of these vaccines.Conclusion: All the four types of COVID-۱۹ vaccines administered in Jordan demonstrated effectiveness. We recommend studying the ability of B lymphocytes present in the peripheral blood and the effect of T- regulatory cells by flow cytometry in recipients who have high positive titers.

Antibody COVID, ۱۹ vaccines ELISA test Jordan