Nur Shazwani Binti Abdul Latif - Centre for Tropicalisation, Defence Research Institute, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (UPNM), ۵۷۰۰۰ Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Wan Md Zin Wan Yunus - Centre for Tropicalisation, Defence Research Institute, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (UPNM), ۵۷۰۰۰ Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Hafizah Ariff - Centre for Tropicalisation, Defence Research Institute, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (UPNM), ۵۷۰۰۰ Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Rauda A. Mohamed - School of Applied Sciences, Nilai University, ۷۱۸۰۰, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
Nurnadia Andenan - Centre for Research and Innovative Management, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (UPNM), ۵۷۰۰۰ Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Khoirul Solehah Abdul Rahim - Centre for Tropicalisation, Defence Research Institute, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (UPNM), ۵۷۰۰۰ Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Noor Azilah Mohd Kasim - Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (UPNM), ۵۷۰۰۰ Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Keat Khim Ong - Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (UPNM), ۵۷۰۰۰ Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Alinda Samsuri - Centre for Tropicalisation, Defence Research Institute, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (UPNM), ۵۷۰۰۰ Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Extensive utilization of pesticides in the agricultural sector is acknowledged for their potent insecticidal properties, effectively safeguarding crops and consequently enhancing both yield and quality. However, the organophosphate compounds (OPs) predominantly found in these pesticides are highly toxic and known for their rapid skin absorption, leading to acute poisoning and posing public health challenges. Early exposure requires immediate and efficient decontamination to prevent further skin absorption of OPs. The current cleaning agents, such as soap and bleach, are often associated with harsh chemicals that can be corrosive to the skin. Furthermore, these conventional options tend to merely wash away chemicals, potentially leaving effluent that still carries toxic compounds, causing pollution to the environment. Thus, there is a need for approaches that not only clean effectively but also degrade the harmful substances. This paper proposes a method to synthesize solid soap from palm oil incorporating ۲-PAM as an active agent for effective decontamination. The resulting yellowish solid soaps exhibit pH values in the ۹-۱۰ range, lathering capabilities, and controlled moisture content (۴.۱۹ % for S۱, ۲.۴۲ % for S۲, ۲.۱ % for S۳). FTIR analysis confirms successful ۲-PAM integration in soaps S۲ and S۳, as evidenced by specific bands at ۳۰۱۶ cm-۱ to ۳۰۱۵ cm-۱, ۱۷۳۶ cm-۱ to ۱۷۳۵ cm-۱, ۱۳۶۸ cm-۱ to ۱۳۶۴ cm-۱, and ۱۲۱۷ cm-۱ to ۱۲۱۵ cm-۱. These characteristics set the stage for further research into the efficacy of these soaps in organophosphate decontamination and their role in environmental pollution control.

Decontamination, Organophosphate, solid soap, oxime, Palm oil