Hadi Eshaghi Sani Kakhaki - Tobacco and Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran

Background: Although the harmful effects of smoking on the musculoskeletal system,especially bone effects, are well identified, the data on the relationship between smoking andcartilage disorders are limited. This review discovered associations between smoking andcartilage disorders.Materials and Methods: A literature search was conducted in the following three databasesin September ۲۰۲۳ for related articles in English without time limitation: Web of Science,Scopus, and PubMed. In the initial search, ۲۸۵ documents were recorded. Eventually, ۲۰studies were involved in this review, and the required data were extracted from the full text.Results: Our review study provided evidence for the association between smoking anddifferent knee/spine cartilage disorders, such as augmented cartilage size, declined strain ratio,weak postoperative outcome, low fusion rate, and risk for spinal reoperation.Conclusion: As the use of tobacco products is a crucial global public health concern, additionalresearch to comprehend the mechanisms of the effects of smoking on musculoskeletal systemdisorders is highly recommended.