Kedu Jarso Aliyi - Sinana Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box ۲۰۸, Bale Robe, Ethiopia.

The survey was conducted in urban and peri-urban areas of mid and high land of Bale during September ۲۰۱۷ to June ۲۰۱۸ with the objective of identifying available feed resources, its utilization methods and constraints related to feeding. The three major towns of Bale zone Ginir, Goba and Robe and the villages surrounding them and having a border with the town were included. A total of ۱۸۰ household were selected using both purposive and random sampling techniques. Out of the total respondents ۶۶.۱% were indicated feed and feeding system as primary constraints. In peri-urban the principal dry season feed resources available to livestock in the study area include crop-residue, stubble grazing, natural pasture and hay in their descending order. Milled grain, Agro-industrial byproduct and by product of local beverage “atela” are the main supplements used. In urban, feeds are mostly purchased from flour milling and oil producing houses. Despite high price and shortage of supplementary feeds, about ۸۰% of the total respondents are supplementing concentrate to their dairy cattle. The total mean supplements of protein sources ۰.۹۴kg and energy sources ۱.۲۲kg per lactating cow provided per day and one lactating cow costs ۳۱.۶۶ and ۳۰.۸۷birr in average in urban and peri-urban area respectively to produce the total average milk of ۳.۶۵ litters. The overall average daily dairy production output is ۶۵.۹۰ birr and the average net profit is ۲.۳۶ and ۳۴.۷۶ birr per day/cow for local and cross breed respectively. Feed quantity and quality problem was the first ranked followed by lack of improved breed and health problem. Hence, to bring a meaningful increase in livestock productivity livestock should be supplemented with a reasonable quantity and quality feeds. Similarly, the traditional husbandry practice, management of natural pasture and feeding value of crop residues should be improved.The survey was conducted in urban and peri-urban areas of mid and high land of Bale during September ۲۰۱۷ to June ۲۰۱۸ with the objective of identifying available feed resources, its utilization methods and constraints related to feeding. The three major towns of Bale zone Ginir, Goba and Robe and the villages surrounding them and having a border with the town were included. A total of ۱۸۰ household were selected using both purposive and random sampling techniques. Out of the total respondents ۶۶.۱% were indicated feed and feeding system as primary constraints. In peri-urban the principal dry season feed resources available to livestock in the study area include crop-residue, stubble grazing, natural pasture and hay in their descending order. Milled grain, Agro-industrial byproduct and by product of local beverage “atela” are the main supplements used. In urban, feeds are mostly purchased from flour milling and oil producing houses. Despite high price and shortage of supplementary feeds, about ۸۰% of the total respondents are supplementing concentrate to their dairy cattle. The total mean supplements of protein sources ۰.۹۴kg and energy sources ۱.۲۲kg per lactating cow provided per day and one lactating cow costs ۳۱.۶۶ and ۳۰.۸۷birr in average in urban and peri-urban area respectively to produce the total average milk of ۳.۶۵ litters. The overall average daily dairy production output is ۶۵.۹۰ birr and the average net profit is ۲.۳۶ and ۳۴.۷۶ birr per day/cow for local and cross breed respectively. Feed quantity and quality problem was the first ranked followed by lack of improved breed and health problem. Hence, to bring a meaningful increase in livestock productivity livestock should be supplemented with a reasonable quantity and quality feeds. Similarly, the traditional husbandry practice, management of natural pasture and feeding value of crop residues should be improved.