Ali Varvani Farahani - Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Arak Branch, Arak, Iran
Atefeh Nourabi - Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
Hesam Mashhadi - Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
Mohammdreza Pourhajianrezaei - Department of Food Science and Technology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
Mobina Moshirian - Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

The intestinal microbiota plays a pivotal role in regulating mucosal immunity and the functioning of the intestinalbarrier. Imbalances in this microbial community, known as dysbiosis, are linked to disruptions in mucosal immunehomeostasis, contributing to inflammatory intestinal diseases. Probiotic bacteria, including a new generation ofintestinal probiotics, have the potential to uphold intestinal homeostasis and support overall health. Despite fermenteddairy products being a primary source of live and active bacteria in our daily diet, their impact on mucosal immunityremains relatively understudied. Notably, bacteria such as Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii,Lactococcus lactis, and Propionibacterium freudenreichii, present in high concentrations (around ۱۰^۹ per gram ofproduct) in fermented milks or cheeses, are of particular interest. This review provides an overview of the potentialimmunomodulatory effects of these key dairy starters and delves into studies examining fermented dairy productscontaining these starters in the context of inflammation.

Inflammation, Immune, Probiotic, Dairy, starter, Milk, Cheese, Lactobacillus, Propionibacterium