Essam Samir Soliman - Department of Animal Hygiene, Zoonosis & Animal Behavior, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, ۴۱۵۲۲, Egypt
Ahmed El-Sayed Mahmoud - Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, ۴۱۵۲۲, Egypt
Sherif Abdel-Rahman Moawed - Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, ۴۱۵۲۲, Egypt

Environmental factors as temperature and humidity are the most influential factor within any ecosystem with no exclusion. Ruminal ecosystem is greatly variated according to the physiological, nutritional and the microclimatic conditions. Temperature and humidity influences were evaluated against the efficiency of fresh rumen fluid (FRF) challenge in buffalo calves on some ruminal performance parameters and microbial community. Twenty male buffalo calves of ۵ months old age were selected and divided into four groups, ۵ calves for each. Buffalo calves G۱; G۲; and G۳ were challenged with ۱ L; ۵۰۰ mL; and ۳۰۰mL FRF; respectively. The ۱stgroup challenged with ۱ L FRF showed the highest improvement represented in a highly significant increases (P < ۰.۰۱) in the log Total bacterial count (log TBC); Log Lactobacillus count; Log Ruminococcus count; log Total protozoal count (log TPC); Rumen pH; protozoal motility and VFAs at ۱st week of challenge. Ambient temperature revealed a significantintermediate positive (+۰.۶۳۴) correlations with log TPC and relative humidity revealed highly significant strong positive (+۰.۹۲۷) correlation with log Lactobacillus count. Significant intermediate positive (+۰.۶۹۸); a highly significant strong positive (+۰.۷۱۱) correlations between log Ruminococcus count with lactate and log TPC; respectively. Ruminal pH showed a highly significant strong positive (+۰.۷۷۱) correlation with log TPC of sampled ruminal fluid from challenged animals.Environmental factors as temperature and humidity are the most influential factor within any ecosystem with no exclusion. Ruminal ecosystem is greatly variated according to the physiological, nutritional and the microclimatic conditions. Temperature and humidity influences were evaluated against the efficiency of fresh rumen fluid (FRF) challenge in buffalo calves on some ruminal performance parameters and microbial community. Twenty male buffalo calves of ۵ months old age were selected and divided into four groups, ۵ calves for each. Buffalo calves G۱; G۲; and G۳ were challenged with ۱ L; ۵۰۰ mL; and ۳۰۰mL FRF; respectively. The ۱stgroup challenged with ۱ L FRF showed the highest improvement represented in a highly significant increases (P < ۰.۰۱) in the log Total bacterial count (log TBC); Log Lactobacillus count; Log Ruminococcus count; log Total protozoal count (log TPC); Rumen pH; protozoal motility and VFAs at ۱st week of challenge. Ambient temperature revealed a significantintermediate positive (+۰.۶۳۴) correlations with log TPC and relative humidity revealed highly significant strong positive (+۰.۹۲۷) correlation with log Lactobacillus count. Significant intermediate positive (+۰.۶۹۸); a highly significant strong positive (+۰.۷۱۱) correlations between log Ruminococcus count with lactate and log TPC; respectively. Ruminal pH showed a highly significant strong positive (+۰.۷۷۱) correlation with log TPC of sampled ruminal fluid from challenged animals.

Temperature, Relative humidity, Fresh rumen fluid, Rumen ecosystem