Fatemeh Jahdi - Department of Curriculum Planning, Islamic Azad University, Marand Branch, Marand, Iran
Mahin Pourali - Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran
Shokoufeh Salmanzadeh - Department of Management and Educational Planning, Payam Noor University, Marand Branch, Marand, Iran
Ebrahim Akbari Livari - Department of Curriculum Planning, Islamic Azad University, Marand Branch, Marand, Iran

Elementary experimental science education plays a pivotal role in shaping students' understanding of the natural world and fostering a lifelong curiosity for scientific inquiry. This review article examines and presents a comprehensive analysis of appropriate and effective teaching approaches in elementary experimental science education. By exploring the significance of elementary science education, the review delves into various teaching methodologies, strategies, and trends aimed at engaging students in hands-on experiments, inquiry-based learning, and technology integration. Key findings highlight the benefits of inquiry-based learning in enhancing student engagement, academic achievement, and problem-solving skills. The role of hands-on experiments, demonstrations, and interactive activities is emphasized for promoting active learning experiences that stimulate curiosity and critical thinking among elementary students. Additionally, the integration of technology is explored as a means to enhance science education through virtual field trips, multimedia resources, and gamification. Common challenges faced in teaching experimental science at the elementary level are identified, including limited resources, safety concerns, time constraints, teacher training needs, student engagement issues, and misconceptions. Proposed solutions and best practices are presented to overcome these challenges, emphasizing collaborative networks, safety protocols, efficient planning strategies, and ongoing professional development opportunities for teachers, engaging lesson designs, and targeted interventions to address student misunderstandings. The review concludes by underscoring the importance of adopting appropriate and effective teaching approaches in elementary experimental science education to nurture critical thinking skills, scientific literacy, and a passion for discovery among students. By embracing innovative trends and advancements in science education and conducting further research to enhance pedagogical practices, educators can create a supportive learning environment that empowers elementary students to explore the wonders of science with enthusiasm and confidence.

Teaching approaches, Experimental science education, Education