Mahdieh Ameri Shah Reza - Cellular and Molecular Research Center Qom University of Medical Sciences
Alireza Rasouli - MSc in Microbial Biotechnology, Lab of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
Ali Darvish - Student Research Committee, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran

Abstract Recently, laccase has drawn the attention of researchers and manufacturers due to its various applications in different industries such as the pulp industry, bioremediation, food industry, and medical product industry. This eco-friendly enzyme is one of the leading enzymes of the multicopper oxidase family that has shown incredible ability to remove pollutants like antibiotics from wastewater and nature. This review aims to introduce the laccase enzyme and its history, explain its chemical features, and describe its constituent resources. Finally, this paper discusses its applications, especially the removal of antibiotics from wastewater with the help of syringaldehyde (SA) and hydroxybenzotriazole (HBT). In this research, basic and comprehensive information about laccase enzyme and their applications has been presented by reviewing numerous articles. These articles were searched using relevant keywords. Moreover, schematic diagrams, pictures, and tables were used to describe the data in the paper. Laccase treatment with SA in an enzymatic membrane reactor is one of the feasible solutions for removing antibiotics from wastewater, which showed the elimination of ۳۲ different antibiotics. Laccase is a good choice for industrial applications and decontamination of antibiotics. This enzyme shows tolerance to industrial thermal conditions, hence its broad applications in the decolorization of textile dye and paper industries.

Laccase, Biodegradation, Environmental, Fungi, Laccase applications, Removal of antibiotics